Sleep Apnea by Brady Nelson5/8/2023 In those with severe hyposomnia (less than 5.5 hours of daily sleep), rates of diabetes are 3-fold higher in meta-analysis of observational studies. Hyposomnia refers to short sleep duration, defined as less than 7 hours of daily sleep in adults (35% prevalence), and is a subset of insomnia. Abnormalities in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep or dyssomnias include entities such as primary and secondary insomnia (prolonged sleep latency or the time it takes to fall asleep or duration of sleep), narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and sleep disordered breathing (obstructive, central, and mixed sleep apnea, as well as upper airway resistance syndrome.) Interestingly, dyssomnias are strongly linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 1 Episodic sleep abnormalities or parasomnias include sleepwalking and talking, sleep terror disorder, and nightmare disorder. Sleep problems are highly prevalent, with nearly half Americans affected each year.
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